Periodontitis. Causes of Occurrence.
Chronic generalized periodontitis is a disease that arises under the influence of an unfavorable combination of external and internal factors, i.e., it is the result of a disturbance in the balance between periodontopathogens and the protective factors of the body, oral cavity, and periodontal complex. It begins with initial gum damage (gingivitis) and subsequently involves all structures of the periodontium (periodontitis), characterized by a progressive course leading to the resorption of the alveolar bone tissue, destruction of the tooth's supporting apparatus, formation of a periodontal pocket, the onset of pathological tooth mobility, and culminating (without timely and adequate comprehensive treatment) in tooth loss or extraction and a definite impairment of the function of the dental-jaw system and the body as a whole.
There are three degrees of severity of this disease: mild, moderate, and severe.
Numerous scientific studies indicate that in the etiology of periodontal diseases, in addition to the general immune status, the presence of systemic diseases, genetic predisposition, and others, one of the main reasons is the unsatisfactory state of oral hygiene.
Poor oral hygiene is the primary factor in the formation of dental plaque and biofilm, which consist of specific microflora with high periodontopathogenic potential and are considered the main etiological factor in the development of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues.
In addition to oral hygiene, local factors predisposing to the development of inflammatory diseases in the periodontal tissues include various anomalies of the maxillofacial area, attachments of lip and tongue frenula, pathological occlusion, crowded teeth, a shallow oral vestibule, pronounced mucosal folds, bruxism, harmful habits, etc.
It is important to remember that this disease, when treated in time, goes into remission.
